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Gorlov helical turbine
The Gorlov helical turbine (GHT) is a water turbine evolved from the Darrieus turbine design by altering it to have helical blades/foils. It was patented in a series of patents from September 19, 1995〔''A.M. Gorlov'', (Unidirectional helical reaction turbine operable under reversible fluid flow for power systems ), (United States Patent 5,451,137 ), Sept. 19, 1995.〕 to July 3, 2001〔''A.M. Gorlov'', (Method for maintaining flotation using a helical turbine assembly ), (United States Patent 6,253,700 ), July 3, 2001.〕 and won 2001 ASME Thomas A. Edison (Patent Award ). GHT was invented by Professor Alexander M. Gorlov of Northeastern University.
The physical principles of the GHT work〔''M.J. Khan, G. Bhuyan, M.T. Iqbal, and J.E. Quaicoe'', (Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems and assessment of horizontal and vertical axis turbines for river and tidal applications: A technology status review ), Applied Energy, Volume 86, Issue 10, October 2009, Pages 1823-1835. 〕 are the same as for its main prototype, the Darrieus turbine, and for the family of similar Vertical axis wind turbines which includes also Turby wind turbine Quietrevolution wind turbine Urban Green Energy. GHT, turby and quietrevolution solved pulsatory torque issues by using the helical twist of the blades.
==Fluid performance==
The term "foil" is used to describe the shape of the blade cross-section at a given point, with no distinction for the type of fluid, (thus referring to either an "airfoil" or "hydrofoil"). In the helical design, the blades curve around the axis, which has the effect of evenly distributing the foil sections throughout the rotation cycle, so there is always a foil section at every possible angle of attack. In this way, the sum of the lift and drag forces on each blade do not change abruptly with rotation angle. The turbine generates a smoother torque curve, so there is much less vibration and noise than in the Darrieus design. It also minimizes peak stresses in the structure and materials, and facilitates self-starting of the turbine. In testing environments the GHT has been observed to have up to 35% efficiency in energy capture reported by several groups.〔''Gorlov, A. M.'', 1998, Helical turbines for the Gulf Stream, Marine Technology, 35, No 3, pp. 175–182.〕〔''Gorban' A.N., Gorlov A.M., Silantyev V.M.'', (Limits of the Turbine Efficiency for Free Fluid Flow ), Journal of Energy Resources Technology - December 2001 - Volume 123, Issue 4, pp. 311-317.〕〔''Han, Sang-Hun; Lee, Kwang-Soo; Yum, Ki-Dai; Park, Woo-Sun; Park, Jin-Soon,'' Evaluation of helical turbine efficiency for tidal current power plant based on in-situ experiment, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts, Singapore, Oct 13-18, 2009, Vol 4, 315-321.〕 "Among the other vertical-axis turbine systems, the Davis Hydro turbine, the EnCurrent turbine, and the Gorlov Helical turbine have all undergone scale testing at laboratory or sea. Overall, these technologies represent the current norm of tidal current development."〔J. Khan and G. Bhuyan (2009). (Ocean Energy: Global Technology Development Status ), Report prepared by Powertech Labs for the IEA-OES. (), Available: www.iea-oceans.org〕
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